REFERENCES

1) No Author. Melayuonline. Retrieved from http://melayuonline.com

2)Jamaludin, M.A.  Cultural landscape of traditional house compounds in Terengganu. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/

3)(Yuan, J). The traditional malay house. Under one roof. A world in city. Retrieved from http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/malayhouse.pdf

Experience The Malay Traditional Kampung's Lifestyle

Most the Malay Traditional Houses can be found in rural area (kampung - village). It is built with Malay creativity and their affective bond with their nature and environment. The climate made a Malay Traditional House raised on timber stilts or piles to elevate the building above the ground level. It is due to heavy rainfall that sometimes brings flood. Although it use timber as main structure, amazingly it is build without a single nail, instead the Malays used pre-cut holes and grooves to fit the timber building elements into one another, effectively making it a ‘pre-fabricated house’. There are handcrafted panels, holed carvings and slatted panels around the walls.

Traditional house roofs are very steep and always have wide overhangs for shading and protection from heavy tropical downpours. In many cases, they have beautifully carved timber eaves to decorate the ‘visual connection’ between roof and sky. On the lawn, there are local flower plants and the usual daily used spices and herbs such as ginger, lemongrass, pandan leaves and ulam (local salads). We can also find the pangkin (long low bench) under the shade of mango or coconut trees, which is used to rest after a long tiring hard work. The women also use the pangkin to have their friendly chats with neighbors as well as enjoying raw mango dip with rojak sambal belacan! (A mixture of local sweet and spicy dip) On the backyard, we can find a small orchard planted with local fruits trees such as durian, rambutan, langsat and manggis.

Under one roof: The traditional

The traditional Malay house serves the housing needs of the majority of people living in rural areas of Malaysia. It was evolved by the Malays over the generations, and adapted to their own needs, culture, and environment. Basically a timber house with a post and lintel structure raised on stilts, with wooden, bamboo, or thatched roof, the house is designed to suit the tropical climate, Ventilation and solar-control devices and low thermal capacity building materials are part of the building heritage. House construction is highly systematised, like a modern prefabrication system, but with a much higher degree of flexibility and variation. The house components are made on the ground and later assembled on the building side. A very sophisticated addition system, which allows the house to grow with the needs of the user, is an advantage for the poor because it allows them to invest and build gradually, rather than shouldering one huge initial financial burden.

Tradtional Village, Kampong & Garden

There are numerous definitions of what is "traditional" and they apply to much more generally than just the built environment written Rapoport (2004). To simplify, a "traditional village" is taken to mean a small settlement, established at least for more than 50 years by people united by a common origin or economical activity, following a common customary rule  (Birbaum,2002). When used in this study, the term refers to that definition. It may be added that, in Terengganu, traditional settlements are often found established since more than three generations of Malay inhabitants who share the same religion and customs (Muhamad Saleh, 1992).

A "kampong" (or in Malay "kampung") is not synonym with "village" because in academic writings, the vernacular expression has anthropological connotations of "Malayness" which brings a perspective other than landscape observation. When used in this studies, it implies these connotations.

Type of house : Rumah Limas

Rumah Limas Traditional Palembang

One of house shapes in Palembang is Limas house. It is called Limas house because the roof shaped like pyramid (Limas). A house like this is also often called bari. Bari in Palembeng language means old or ancient. Limas house is basically divided into three parts: front,center, and back. At the front part, there are two ladders, one on each side left and right with an odd amount of stair steps for each ladder. The center part is a wide room. This room becomes the center place for gathering activities if there is a party. The living room (it is part of the center of the house) is a "display room" to show how prosper the house owner is.The wall is decorated with flora motiffied carvings painted in gold. Often, the house owner uses the real tin and gold to embellish the carvings and chandeliers. The back part of the house is used as kitchen.

Rumah Limas Johor

Rumah Limas, Johor Bahru. Johor State's eight districts are represented by uniquely-designed traditional wooden Malay houses named as Rumah Kluang, Rumah Mersing, Rumah Segamat, Rumah Johor Bahru, Rumah Pontian, Rumah Kota Tinggi, Rumah Muar and Rumah Batu Pahat. In additon, there are two other traditional wooden Malay houses - Rumah Utama and Rumah Spa.

Number of houses in Terengganu

There is research on the history of a number of houses in Terengganu 

- From unknown date to 1900: 'The rumah berpeles" with "tunjuk langit"

- From 1900 onward the limas bungkus 

-From around 1935 onward the atap Belanda with buah gutong 

- Later, after the second world war, came glass windows and the "A" frame roof structure (1948)

Finishing decorative elements mark the status of the owners and the period of the building. Foreign inspiration is present ( Chinese, Indian, European) yet integrated to the vernacular design. 

Another architectural feature is the house basic shape resulting from an adaption to the climate and natural environment. The practical design confers to the buildings their striking visual identity with high roofs, stills and the organic look due to the use of materials from the local forest.

Cultural Landscape Assessment Methods

Theoreticians (Taylor, 2002) have attracted attention to the present state of landscape "fragmentation" of the major part

of the earth surface global development. Any landscape impacted by man is cultural. Even those left part

may be considered as deliberately (cultural decision), put apart, thus cultural too. 

  

" Cultural landscapes can be thought of as any landscape bearing the impact of human activity , historic 

prehistoric. It is a concept emerging from increasing recognition that human beings are part of nature. " 

                                                                                                                                                                                       (Taylor, 2002)  

The word "landscape" even becomes synonym with "cultural" and "cultural landscape" becomes a pleonasm:  

From the point of view of landscape documentation proper , there may be a problem. If all landscapes are considered as cultural because one way

or another they are impacted by human presence, any landscape can be considered as significant in its own right. Then, landscapes that are historical

or specifically cultural significant may be by-passed in the plethora.         

Traditional Terengganu House Part 2

The praise should give to the craftsmen that have making this tradition house because they emphasizing some important aspects in formation of the houses. Including from the aspect of air needs, importance of safety if flood happens, the usage is for store to safe the stuffs under the house and needs at a relaxing retreat out there. That's why mostly the houses have the tradition characteristics are high at the part of roof and under the house.

Many houses of rumah limas bungkus are upper classes, containing many rooms and have the rest room at outside or " surung rumah ". For making sure these houses to look amazing, the part on the door made structure and ripped. Ripped may created basic structure or have shaped of ayat ayat al Quran. Making the carving take long time and pay the commission is expensive. The old mosques in Terengganu stills be found the carving and khat at the part on the door. For example, Sultan Zainal Abidin mosque or also known as " Masjid Putih " . Please visit to Terengganu for having the uniqueness of designing tradition house are still available and attractive until now.

Traditional Terengganu House

Terengganu rich with heritage houses such as " Limas Bungkus" or in english we called it " Limas Wrap " or " Rumah Belanda ", dan " Rumah Tele ". The uniqueness of this house created by malay craftsmen at the early 1930's that is not only because the glory and originality design yet it has the beauty of carving art and shred whereas it lied on the door as as well n the window. This design and carving likely to be not only in the West-Ender house or the castle or in the mosque.

Same as other states,  Terengganu not except with the uniqueness with the glory and originality this tradition house stills grand of the beauty and maintained. The villages stills have this kind of house that showing uniqueness of ancient time such as Kampung Losong, Paloh dan Pulau Rusa. This villages expressing a professional malay craftsmen. These craftsmen not only have the skilled for them to structure the house for low class but it is also for upper class and royal class. If we visit to Terengganu museum at Losong, the structure of the houses still protected.

The Traditional Terengganu Malay House Part 2

The owner may later decide to make additions to the house whenever he has enough money to pay for building materials and labour. The additions for the Terengganu house, the kitchen and the middle house ( rumah tengah ) had previously been moved to another location in the village of Pulau Rusa where they are still in use.

The house is built entirely from chengal, one of the best hardwoods which is durable even without treatment. The roof of this house is made of clay tiles known as singgora, named after a town in Southern Thailand.

Clay tiles allow for rainwater to be absorbed, thus cooling the inside of the house when the weather is hot. In the cooking area, the inside of the roof is usually covered with soot. It ie believed that the tiles can be made stronger by the constant burning.

The Traditional Terengganu Malay House

The Terengganu house originated from Pulau Rusa, Kuala Terengganu. The exact year it was built is not known, but it is believed to be over 100 years old when it was transferred to FRIM in 1987.

This Terenggaanu house belongs to the “Rumah Tiang Dua Belas” type, named after the 12 posts ( 3 rows of four ) which extend from the foundation to the roof. The main house ( rumah ibu ) is reserved for social ceremonies and serves as a sleeping area for the unmarried members of the house. Guests are often entertained in an open verandah at the front of the house ( serambi or selasar ).

An elaborare process is needed to get suitable materials, especially timber, from the dense jungle during the old days. It is also difficult to transport timber . Thus a house may take up to five years to complete.

Introduction To Rumah Limas Bungkus

Traditional Terengganu Malay House

In general, various traditional houses can be identified in Peninsular Malaysia. They are classified mainly by their roof shapes. The basic house forms in Malaysia are:

•       bumbung panjang,
•       bumbung lima,
•       bumbung perak and
•       bumbung limas.

The most common house form is the bumbung panjang, characterised by a long gable roof. The bumbung panjang houses are the oldest identified in Peninsular Malaysia, many of them being over a hundred years old and still in good condition. The bumbung panjang is the simplest house form. Developments of other traditional house forms in Malaysia were based on this type of house.

The development of the traditional Malay houses were based on three factors

•         religion factor,
•         social factor 
•         climatic factor

The structure of rumah limas bungkus

Rumah limas bungkus is built with prefabricated method also decorated with wood carvings in attractive and impressive by noted local sculptor's brother Salizan bin Hj Mohd Abd Rahman from Jurukir Traditional PR Company Limited.

The structure of  this house is characterized the roof of his house in a straight ridge and connects about 4 ridge trickkling down to the is decorated with wood carvings kerrawang. These houses have some form of long-form and rectangular. Its space consists of porch space, balcony, home and kitchen center.

Terengganu house built of wood cengal, meranti and lime. While the roof of the ground and roof tiles senggora

Terengganu traditional home of  " rumah limas bungkus " was quite beautiful and can make our hearts stunned when seeing it. The outcome of art in wood carving in the house sufficient to describe how great the creativity and uniqueness of the community thought earlier.

About Rumah Limas Bungkus

Rumah Limas Bungkus is said to have originated from the Dutch and the British. This type of architecture was first introduced to the Riau Islands around the 17th century to the 19th. In the 19th century, it was built in the state.

Special features of this type of house are the use of a straight horizontal roof and four trunk ridges trickling down to the roof. These houses use decorative wall and casing type’s widow and decorated with sculptures. It is quite popular among the kings and nobles. In Terengganu, there are three castles that use this design the Palace and the Palace of Anjang Tengku Tengku Long in Besut and Kuala Terengganu Palace Pool.

Terengganu Five roofed house

One of the traditional Malay houses are found in Terengganu is the’ Rumah Limas Bungkus’, which means five-roofed house. It can be found in the Besut District. It is popular among the Terengganu Malays since the 20th century. Unfortunately, none are found today and those exist today date back only 40 or 50 years. The house can be easily recognized. The roof consists of a straight central ridge with four shorter ridges projecting down to the four edges of the roof. The edging immediately beneath the roofing is decorated with wooden carvings. This particular house can be found in several forms. Some are long and some are square in shape. It is made up of the front room, verandah, central section and kitchen. Same like Kelantan traditional house, they are mainly built from ‘Cengal’, ‘Meranti’ or ‘Kapur’ wood. The roofing is made from senggora tiles imported from Thailand though are some locally made. The house set apart by their detailing, the construction of the walls and roof and in particular the intricate carvings.